Garbage incinerator



States Patent Ofiice 2,726,609 GARBAGE INCINERATOR Frederick H. Martin, Huntsville, Ala, assignor to Martin Stamping & Stove Company, a corporation of Alabama Application September 22, 1952, Serial No. 310,750 9 Claims. (Cl. 110-8) invention relates to a garbage incinerator and has for an object the provision of apparatus of the character designated which shall be simple of design, easily constructed and assembled, and reliable in operation.

A more particular object of my invention is the provision of a garbage incinerator in which both excessive updraft and downdraft are obviated.

' A still-more specific object of my invention is to provide an incinerator which shall include an outer casing and ,an inner casing spaced therefrom, together with an auxiliary draft control passage between the casings together with means to divert downdraft through said passage and to counteract excessive updraft through said Pas age- Still further object of my invention is to provide an incinerator including an outer casing, a grate, and an inner casing, in which improved means are provided for supporting the grate and the inner casing.

in the art to which my invention relates, difliculties have been encountered in controlling the draft of gas.- fired garbage incinerators under the varying conditions encountered in their operation. When an excess of Wet garbage is dumped into the incinerator, the burden of drying the moisture out of the garbage in order to burn it is placed upon the burner and combustion, is low. in such cases, there is a very low updraft through the incinerator and occasionally, under such circumstances, a downdraft occurs which has at times extinguished the umor al w ng g o umulate. t us r n ng ab ut danger of an explosion. Under conditions where. an .QX- cess of loose, dry trash is dumped into the i neinerat or, there is excessive combustion which brings about an excessive updraft creating a tire hazard. It is accordingly a prime purpose of my invention to provide an incinerator of the character designated in which downdratts are diverted away from the burner and in which eXoos e-up a t a oi od- In ,aeeerdance with my invention 1 provide an in- Qiho ato m o yi g an ute g, an n e e si oun ed i sp d re a on to t e ou e cas n w t means forming a vertical passage between the inner casns nd th ou r ng e te ding downwa ly b ne th the smoke outlet. An opening is provided through the outer easing into the passage and a gravity damper is isp sed i th ops i s- Me ns a e p ovi ed in the upp r pa t o h cas n f i t n do nd a t f om h sm k outlst int h pa sa h ch a s t e damper to open and dissipate the downdraft. Upon an excessive updraft, air is drawn in through the damper nt the ve ti al p sag an up th gh th smoke o let, thus decreasing the updraft through the incinerator. An incinerator embodying features of ,my invention i ust at in h a ompany n d a ihg ta ning a part of this application in which:

.F s- 1 is a f v t nal ew of the incine ator; Fig- 2 is a vertical se tiona View tak n alo g the line IIII of Fig. 1;

Patented Dec. '13, 1955 Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken along the line III-r11]: of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a topv plan view with parts broken away;

Fig. 5 is a detail elevational view looking in the direction of the arrows V..\/ of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 6, is a sectional view of the grate taken generally along the line VlfiVI of Fig. 2', and drawn to a smaller scale.

Referring to the drawing for a better understanding of my invention, my improved incinerator embodies an Outer cylindrical shell or casing 10 having a bottom ;11 and a cover 12. The forward portion ,of the cover 12 is h nged at 13 and 14 .to the rear section whereby it may be opened to give access to the interior of the incinerator. The rear section of the cover 112 is. pro.- vided with a smoke outlet 16 near the rear edge thereof.

In the lower portion of the incinerator is a grate 1;! supported by lugs 18 from the outer casing 10. The grate 17 embodies upwardly curved grate bar sections 19 and 21 and downwardly curved grate bar sections 2.2 and 23 whereby solid incombustible material may he pok d through the grate into an ash drawer 2.4 which s. slida l through an opening- ;26 n t e front or the n i e ato he g a .7 i als p ovide with a dew-m war ly l p ng s de s ion 27 and an pw rdly slop ng side section 28 which divert ashes into the ash drawer 24 and pr i e add t na rel t vely wi e spaces throu h h sol d a e al may be di cha ed.

Mou d t in the ou e oa ins n the upp on t o e inci era or is an i ner cas ng 29 wh p ed f om t ou r ca i 10- The i ner ea ing H9 est on h a e and vis ho d .in p ope y soared ela on ith respect t e o e ca n by m ans lugs 31 and 32 which are formed on the grate va d enga e t e i er e s n 9 as sho n- Se u od to t ne e in 9 and ex e ing dowa ard y e w en the i n sin and e outer cas .0 a e a pai of ng e ba mem ers and 4 whiohl n c per t w th the i n r and te ea n toms a erti a Pa a e .35 hioh ex en s d wn ard h h h smo o outle .16- Th lowe sa o the pass s? 35 is o o y me ns f a s men a his 36 the at .1 an on hich t e inner casing :ros inne a i 9 s cut away a the t p a o a .37 ben th th moke ou t- A bafl o member 38 is c re o th co e 1 l st forward o the smok outlet 6 and ex d d n ard y a d oa a rd wit it r ar edge resting on h lodge f h out-a ay 1 9M9 3 .3 t bl l s 39 s ed along th l e e ge of o batt 5 b ar ins the inne sid o the inner 6 2. 1m l h bat s and h as n n P op r r. positions. As shown in Fig. 4 of the drawing, the ,haflie 38 is somewhat wider than the smoke ,outlet 16 and is pro de al i s l t r d s ith P l m$ 5 It il be se t a he ba 1 8 it i up urned dos un t o s o d er a y d wn a t c min down sm ke ut et 16 n o th Pass ge 5- An op ning 42 th o gh he uter o ins 10 in the ver o lp ss g 3. isp d s D sposed in th one 42 is .a gravity damper 4.3 comprising a circular fitting in the opening 42 and pivoted by means of a herb. zontal pin 44 which is disposed at short distance above the horizontal diameter of the disc, whereby it normally assumes a vertical position due to gravity. Should there be a downdraft in the passage '35, the 'difierence in the pressure in the passage 35 and the atmosphere surrounding the incinerator will cause the damper 43 to open. In case of an excessive updraft, the reduced pressure in the passage v35 l w t o he rrounding atm sphere oaus is the dam er 43 t ope in ar ly and adm t i into" the passage 35 whence it passes upwardly through the 3 smoke outlet 16, thus reducing the updraft through the incinerator.

Combustion of the material in the incinerator is provided by means of a gas burner 46 which extends through the outer casing beneath the grate 17. A perforated igniting tube 47 is connected to the inner end of the burner and extends outwardly through an opening 48 in the casing 10. Air for combustion is admitted in a manner well known, through the burner and additional air enters through a suitable number of holes such as 51 and 52, provided through the front of the ash drawer.

From the foregoing description the operation of my improved incinerator will be readily understood. In normal operation, with an average mixture of damp and dry garbage, combustion will proceed evenly and without any violent fluctuations in the draft. Should an excess of wet garbage be placed in the incinerator, such that it must be dried before it can be ignited and burned, downdrafts are likely to occur, which, if not diverted, would extinguish the burner 46. In such cases, with my improved incinerator, the downdraft is diverted by means of the baffles 38 and upturned sides 41 into the vertical passage 35 where, due to the excess pressure in the passage 35, the gravity damper 43 is opened to relieve the pressure. In cases where an excess of dry trash or litter is placed in the incinerator, creating an undue amount of updraft, the pressure within the passage 35 is decreased and the decrease in pressure causes the outside atmospheric pressure to open the damper 43 inwardly and thus reduce the updraft.

Ashes from the burned garbage fall into the ash drawer 24. Large, incombustible articles, such as metal cans, bones and the like can be readily poked through the grate by reason of the upwardly curved and downwardly curved grate portions. devised an improved incinerator which is simple and sturdy of design, economical of manufacture, and one that is reliable in operation.

While I have shown and described the damper member 43 as being located at the lower end of the passage 35, it will be readily apparent that it may be located elsewhere so long as means are provided whereby both the updraft and the downdraft in the incinerator are caused to react in such a way as to create a pressure difiierential on opposite sides of the damper sufiicient for it to open and compensate for the differences in draft. In the embodiment herein shown and described this is conveniently brought about by the location and relation of the smoke outlet 16, the baffle 38 and the passage 35. Accordingly, while I have shown my invention in but one form, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited but is susceptible of various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof, and I desire, therefore that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are specifically set forth in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a garbage incinerator including an outer casing, a cover for the outer casing having a smoke outlet in one side thereof and a grate in the lower part of the casing, in combination, an inner casing mounted on the grate in spaced relation to the outer casing with the smoke outlet disposed above the upper edge of the inner casing, said grate defining a bottom for said inner casing, there being an opening in the upper part of the inner casing below the smoke outlet and communicating the smoke outlet with the space within said inner casing, means defining a vertical passage between the inner casing and the outer casing extending downwardly beneath the smoke outlet, means defining an opening through the outer casing into the passage, a gravity damper in the opening disposed to open responsive to difference in pressure between that in the passage and that in the atmosphere outside the incinerator, and bafile means extending inwardly of the inner casing from the wall thereof and It will thus be seen that I have below the opening in the inner casing for diverting downdraft from the smoke outlet into the passage.

2. In a garbage incinerator including an outer casing, a cover for the outer casing having a smoke outlet in one side thereof and a grate in the lower part of the casing, in combination, an inner casing mounted on the grate in spaced relation to the outer casing with the smoke outlet disposed above the upper edge of the inner casing, said grate defining a bottom for said inner casing, there being an opening in the inner casing below the smoke outlet and communicating the smoke outlet with the space within said inner casing, means defining a vertical passage between the outer and the inner casing and extending downwardly from beneath the smoke outlet to the grate, means defining an opening through the outer easing into the passage, a gravity damper in the opening disposed to open responsive to a difference in pressure between that in the passage and that in the atmosphere outside the incinerator, and bafile means disposed beneath the smoke outlet and extending inwardly of the inner casing from the wall thereof and below the opening in the inner casing for diverting downdraft into the vertical passage.

3. In a garbage incinerator including an outer casing, a cover for the outer casing having a smoke outlet in one side thereof and a grate in the lower part of the casing, in combination, an inner casing mounted on the grate in spaced relation to the outer casing with the smoke outlet disposed above the upper edge of the inner casing, said grate forming a bottom for the inner casing, means defining a vertical passage between the outer and the inner casing and extending downwardly from beneath the smoke outlet to the grate, means defining an opening through the outer easing into the passage, a gravity damper in the opening disposed to open responsive to a difference in pressure between that in the passage and that in the atmosphere outside the incinerator, and a battle member joined to the cover inwardly of the smoke outlet and extending downwardly and outwardly beneath the smoke outlet to engage the inner casing, the inner casing being cut away at the top below the smoke outlet and along its juncture with said bafile member to provide a passageway which communicates the smoke outlet with the space within the inner casing.

4. An incinerator as defined in claim 3 in which the bafile member engages over the upper edge of the cut away portion of the inner casing and in which lugs on the baffle member engage the inside of the inner casing, and in which the bafilc member is provided with upturned lateral edges.

5. An incinerator as defined in claim 3 in which the vertical passage is formed by a pair of spaced vertical bars disposed between the outer casing and the inner casing, and in which the grate closes the lower end of the vertical passage and holds the inner casing against displacement, and in which the upper end of the inner casing is held against displacement by lugs on the baffle.

6. An incinerator as defined in claim 3 in which the baflle member is wider than the smoke outlet and is provided with upturned sides which permit the updraft in the incinerator to pass around the battle to the smoke outlet but which divert the down draft into the vertical passage.

7. In an incinerator embodying a cylindrical outer casing, a cover for the outer casing, a smoke outlet in the cover at one side thereof and a grate in the lower part of the casing, an inner casing resting on the grate within the outer casing in spaced relation to the outer casing with the smoke outlet disposed above the upper edge of the inner casing, said grate forming a bottom for the inner casing, lugs on the grate holding the inner casing against displacement at the bottom, a baffle secured to the cover inwardly of the smoke outlet and extending downwardly and outwardly beneath the smoke outlet and engaging the inner casing, the said inner casing being cut away below the smoke outlet along its line of engagement with the baffie to provide a passageway which communicates the smoke outlet with the space within the inner casing, lugs on the bafile bearing against the inner casing to hold it against displacement, bar members disposed between the inner casing and the outer casing laterally of the smoke outlet and forming with the casings a vertical pasage beneath the smoke outlet, a laterally extending portion on the grate closing off the vertical passage at the bottom, there being an opening formed through the outer easing into the vertical passage, and a damper in the opening operable responsive to a difference in pressure between that in the vertical passage and that in the atmosphere outside the incinerator.

8. An incinerator as defined in claim 7 in which the grate on one side is provided with upwardly bowed grate portions and on the other side with downwardly bowed grate portions whereby to provide a relatively wide lateral opening through the grate.

9. In a garbage incinerator including a casing having a grate in the lower portion thereof and a smoke outlet in the top at one side thereof, means compensating for variations in draft in the incinerator comprising baffie means mounted inwardly of the wall of the casing with its outer end in spaced relation therefrom and extending upwardly and inwardly beneath the smoke outlet and disposed to intercept and retard both down draft and updraft in the incinerator, there being an opening in said casing between the baflle means and said grate, and a damper in said opening operable to open in both directions responsive to differences in pressure on opposite sides thereof brought about by said interception and retarding.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,137,232 Ricketts Apr. 27,1915

1,272,064 Lezius July 9, 1918 1,653,574 Kener Dec. 20, 1927 1,840,628 Howle Jan. 12, 1932 2,010,460 McKinley Aug. 6, 1935 FOREIGN PATENTS 569,887 Great Britain June 13, 1945 

